Your pictures will likely be sufficient to prove you at least stopped and didn't flee. Neither side will be able to prove what was said. You will just disagree. The police won't really care- they are going to tell both of you to resolve it through your insurance companies.

You should have written down your contact information and left it with him. You learned the minimum requirements when you obtained your license, and your insurance company tells you the same.

For all you know he was on the phone calling police. By the time they came you were long gone and did not leave your information. Your leaving without giving information is just as bad as him not providing his information.