Medical Malpractice Law governs the negligent conduct by medical professionals, such as doctors, nurses, dentists and sometimes nursing home care. A failure by a physician or health care practitioner to exercise reasonable care and which causes an injury to a patient could constitute medical malpractice. Negligence can consist both of failure to perform an act that should have been performed (such as careless errors during surgery) or failing to act (such as the failure to diagnose an obvious medical condition.) Damages due to medical malpractice can include long term effects of the injury, such as a baby that suffers permanent brain damage as a result of a negligent doctor or nurse in the delivery room.