Getting sued by a debt collector is not fun. It's even less fun when you don't even know you're being sued.
Debt collectors are infamous for improperly serving court documents. There are many reasons that you might experience court papers served incorrectly, including:
- Incorrect name on court Summons
- Improperly served Summons
- Court Summons sent to wrong address
- Summons lost in the mail
Regardless of the reason for improper service, you have rights when it comes to being sued. Improper service violates the rules of civil procedure for most states, usually Rule 4, which outlines the law surrounding proper service. You can
double-check your state's service laws under Rule 4 here.
If your court documents were served to the wrong person, or if they never made it to you for any other reason, there can be serious consequences. Each state has a
deadline for defendants to respond to a court Summons and Complaint, and if no Answer is filed within that deadline, a default judgment can be ordered against the defendant.
A default judgment gives the plaintiff the right to garnish wages, seize property, and freeze bank accounts in order to collect the money they claim is owed.
Avoid default judgment by filing an Answer into your case.
If you have proof that you were improperly served court documents, you can bring it up as a defense in your case. In your Answer document,
include improper service as one of your affirmative defenses. This gives you leverage in your lawsuit, granting you the right to explain why you missed any deadlines to respond or court hearings.
If you believe that you are being sued for debt and you were not properly notified, or worse, a default judgment has been placed against you, then you need to take action.
If you have already lost the lawsuit by default judgment, then you can file a Motion to Set Aside Judgment. If the deadline has not passed to respond to the Complaint, then you can file an Answer arguing you should win because of improper service.
Let's consider an example:
Example: Jason is sued by a debt collection agency in California for an old credit debt of $900. The process server hired by a debt collection attorney deliberately fails to serve Jason with the Summons and Complaint and fraudulently submits an affidavit of service to the court claiming service was made. Months later, Jason receives a notice in the mail that he has lost the case by default because he didn't respond in time. After some investigating, he finds out that he was sued and never notified about it. Jason uses SoloSuit to file a Motion to Set Aside Judgment and an Answer document where he explains he was never properly served. The court accepts the motion and Answer and eventually, the case gets thrown out.
Improper service is also known as sewer service, which is a common practice among debt collectors. This is the practice of intentionally failing to serve court documents to a defendant in order to win a case automatically.
The diagram below outlines your options if you are a victim of sewer service:
A lawsuit can be dismissed (i.e. tossed out of court) if it is shown that there was a serious defect in the Summons or if the defendant was not properly served with the Summons and Complaint. When the wrong person is served with a Summons, it means the service was insufficient and could be used...
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